ACT Test Security Protocols What to Expect

ACT Test Security Protocols What to Expect SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Standardized test materials must be kept under lock and key to ensure fairness and scoring accuracy during each administration. The ACT is no exception to this rule, and ACT Inc. has many regulations in place to prevent the distribution of confidential test questions to the public. In this article, I'll go through all of theACT test security rules, what security breaches have occurred in recent years, and what this means for students in general. Why Is ACT Test Security a Concern? It’s extremely important for ACT Inc. to ensure that the test materials are secure before, during and after each administration.In the event that someone acquires test materials before the exam, the integrity of that whole administration of the test is compromised.Students with prior knowledge of the test will earn artificially high scores and skew the curve, putting other students who didn’t cheat at a significant disadvantage.Breaches in test security also undermine the credibility of the testing organization and the validity of the test as a measure of academic ability. How Does ACT Inc. Ensure Test Security? There are a few ways in which ACT Inc. guards the integrity of exam materials. These regulations come into play before, during, and after each examination period. Security of Test Materials Before the Exam Access to test materials before test day is restricted to test coordinators who work for ACT Inc.School staff may assist in organizing the materials, but only if the test coordinator is also present and the staff member doesn’t have any relatives who will be testing during this administration.Anyone who assists with the test materials must be identified on the ACT State and District Testing Staff List.Anyone who may potentially take the ACT within the next 12 months is prohibited from gaining access to the test materials.Test materials can’t be transferred to or from another location without prior authorization by ACT Inc. Test coordinators are responsible for all testing materials from start to finish to prevent tampering by anyone at individual schools.The test coordinator checks all the packages of test booklets upon receipt at each school to ensure that none have been tampered with.The materials are also counted to ensure that there are no missing booklets or booklets with broken seals.The seals on all test booklets must remain intact until the examinee breaks them on test day.The carton of test booklets is then resealed by the test coordinator, locked away in a secure area, and only brought back out on the morning of the test. Test Center Conduct Test coordinators from ACT Inc. must hand the booklets directly to proctors on test day.Booklets are re-counted every time they change hands to make sure the number of booklets stays the same and the serial numbers are correct.Completed exams go directly back into the hands of the test coordinator and are stored in a secure area. Testing rooms are never left unattended even if there is only one student in the room, and students are prohibited from viewing sections of the test ahead of time or turning back to sections after time has already been called.No electronic devices that might be used to document the test content in any way are permitted in the testing room.Devices like smartphones should be turned off and stowed away under your desk/in your bag throughout the exam. Don't risk leaving your phone on. If it starts ringing in the middle of the test, you'll most likely be dismissed and have your scores canceled. Farewell, sweet prince (for a couple of hours, then it's back to checking my email every ten seconds). Recent Breaches in ACT Test Security In August of 2016, the ACT laid off its head of test security in response to a huge security breach that occurred on the last administration of the test.During the June 2016 administration of the test, the ACT canceled all sittings in Hong Kong and South Korea because of leaked test materials.The ACT plans to audit nearly 200 education centers after widespread cheating was discovered in ACT-owned college-prep programs for international students.Test prep companies in China and South Korea have also been administering the ACT to students, a practice which is prohibited by ACT Inc due to the obvious conflict of interests. There have been reports of widespread cheating in the ACT-owned Global Assessment Certificate program or GAC, which operates countries and has over 5,000 students and 197 centers (most of which are located in mainland China).Some students have reported that they were allowed to practice with materials that later showed up on the real exam.There have also been issues with test prep companies, particularly in East Asia, taking advantage of the ACT’s practice of reusing questions by harvesting questions from past exams so that students can practice with materials they may see on the test. ACT Inc. has plans to introduce a computerized version of the ACT for international students in 2017 to reduce the risk of materials being leaked ahead of time to students. The next step in ACT technology: Robotic test proctors with impossibly chiseled abs. What Do ACT Test Security Rules Mean for Students? It’s important to understand the consequences of sharing confidential test information, whether it happens before or after you take the test.Though tracing test security leaks is very difficult, their impact on you, the other students taking the test, and the integrity of the whole system is extremely negative. If test materials are leaked, lots of scores may be canceled, even those of students who never consulted the materials beforehand.Also, ACT Inc. won’t be able to use the questions they created ever again after they’ve been compromised.If test leaks occur and are not discovered, students will earn artificially high scores, skewing the curve lower for everyone else.Basically, if you hear about any test leaks, it’s in your best interests to report them to ACT Inc. and not to participate in the cheating. On test day, make sure you have a valid photo ID and your admission ticket with you so you can verify your identity. Bring a calculator that has been approved for use on the test. When you're taking the test, don't try to skip ahead to a section that hasn't started yet or go back to a section that has already passed. Don't discuss questions with other students during breaks, and keep your smartphone turned off and stowed away in your bag at all times. Violations of this kind could result in your scores being canceled! Also, don’t try to recreate test questions after you take the exam (this is something people have done on College Confidential fairly frequently).There’s a reason the ACT asks you not to talk about the specific materials you saw on the test. Sometimes those materials will be reused on future exams or slightly later international test dates.I know it’s hard not to talk about questions after the test, but you really shouldn't post them in online forums where people who haven’t taken the ACT yet might take advantage of them. Don't yell out the answers to ACT questions in the middle of the ruins of the Roman forum either. You never know who's listening. Although if they do listen to you for more than a couple seconds they're probably not of sound enough mind to do anything with what they hear. Summary: What You Need to Know About ACT TestSecurity ACT Inc. takes test security very seriously. If the questions are compromised, they can no longer be used, and many students' scores may become invalid. Many regulations are put in place to prevent question leaks both before and after each test is administered, but sometimes things still slip through the cracks. There have been several instances of question leaks and related cheating scandals just within the past few years. As a student, it's in your best interests to keep the questions confidential after the test and to report any signs of cheating. Test security violations don't just help the people who have advance knowledge - they actively hurt everyone else who takes the test fairly. What's Next? Check out this article for more details on the rules and regulations that inform test day procedure (and how to make sure you don't violate them). What exactly can you expect when you get to the test center? Read this guide to ACT test day so you can feel comfortable going into the experience. It's important to say something if your proctor makes a mistake or the test center environment is too distracting. Learn when and how to speak up in these situations. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Effect of sharp edges on stress value via fea Essay Example

Effect of sharp edges on stress value via fea Essay Example Effect of sharp edges on stress value via fea Essay Effect of sharp edges on stress value via fea Essay ( 1 ) Introduction STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR: A major accomplishment in the theoretical foundation of LINEAR ELASTIC FRACTURE MECHANICS ( LEFM ) was the debut of the emphasis strength factor K. It is the parametric quantity used to gauge the strength of emphasiss near to the cleft tip and related to the energy release rate ( Bazant and Planas 1998 ) . Ingliss ( 1913 ) studied the unexpected failure of naval ships, and Griffith ( 1921 ) extended this work utilizing thermodynamic standards. Using this work, Irwing ( 1957 ) developed the construct of the emphasis strength factor. Stress strength factors shows the step of the alteration in emphasiss within the vicinity of the cleft tip. Therefore, it is of import to cognize that in which way the cleft is turning and when the cleft stops propagating. The emphasis strength factor is compared with the critical emphasis strength factor KIC ( the capacity ) to find whether or non the cleft will propagate. ( 2 ) STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR AND CRACK TIP STRESSES A uniqueness of 1/Sqrt ( R ) is produced by cleft tips. The emphasis Fieldss near a cleft tip of an isotropic additive elastic stuff can be expressed as a merchandise of 1/Sqrt ( R ) and a map of theta with a grading factor K: inferiors I, II, and III are 3 different types of lading applied on a cleft. Where K= emphasis strength factor ( 3 ) MODES OF LOADING Manner I ( Tensile Opening ) Mode II ( In-Plane Shear, Sliding ) Mode III ( Ot of Plane Shear, Tearing ) For all the three types of lading the emphasis Fieldss and the supplanting Fieldss around the locality of the cleft tip are individually written Grecian missive is know as shear modulus and is depicted as G, and it should non be mistaken for the strain release rate, .Formulas for plane emphasis and plane strain are: The rule of superposition is applied for additive elastic stuffs. So the look obtained is: ( 4 ) STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR IN PRACTICE: The most interested country for applied scientists is the emphasis in the vicinity of cleft tip and look into whether the value is more than the break stamina. Thus K is the map of sigma for any given R and theta. For case the K for following specimen is The dimension of K is The different solutions of K for three classs: authoritative, specimen, and construction are: Infinite Plate with a Center Through Crack under Tension Single Edge Notched Specimen Under Bending ( 5 ) STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS The additive elastic break mechanics theory says that there is infinite emphasiss at the tip of the cleft but really fictile zone is developed near the cleft tip that opposes the emphasiss to some definite values. It is instead impossible to measure the right sum of emphasiss in this plastic zone and associate them to the maximal allowable emphasiss of the materialto justice the behaviour of the cleft. Critical emphasis strength factor Kc of any stuff can be obtained by figure of experiments and this promotion is called the break stamina. Thus the behaviour of the cleft can be predicted by comparing K and Kc straight. Kc s for a figure of common technology stuffs are listed in this page. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN G and K Sometimes energy release rate G can besides be used alternatively of stress strength factor K. But both the parametric quantities are inter related to each other and is shown below: The dimension of is ( 6 ) Influence OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR ( K ) The cleft extension in any specimen depends on the magnitude and rate of alteration of K. A graph can be plotted of cleft growing with regard to lade rhythm against the different K at that peculiar point for any specimen. Sing strictly elastic conditions thorough cognition of emphasis and strain field near the vicinity of cleft tip can be modulated and estimated with the aid of stress strength factor. As the fictile field is created near the cleft tip the truth of the emphasis calculated is reduced. Brittle material gives more precise replies for emphasis strength factor is besides every bit compared to ductile stuffs because malleable stuffs tend to deform before failure. Fracture mechanics uses stress strength factor ( K ) to foretell and estimeate the emphasiss near the cleft tips more accurately, due to lading and residuary emphasiss. When this stresses reaches the critical value a cleft starts turning and finally consequences in the failure of stuff. The break strength can be defined as the failure occurred at a peculiar load..At foremost the clefts are really little and can non be seen but later it consequences in the failure of the stuff if non known. Unlike stress concentration , Stress Intentsity, K, chiefly focusses on the magnitude of the applied emphasis which includes the type of load.. The three different types of burden are Mode-I, -II, or -III. KIc of 1st type of burden is the most of import and most parametric quantity which is normally used in the field of technology in break mechanics and hence must be understood so that break defying stuffs can be used in the designing of assorted edifices, aeroplanes, Bridgess, etc. Infact we can state that if the cleft is seen, it means the emphasiss are really near to the optimal values as estimated by Stress Intensity Factorfor most of the stuffs. ( 7 ) STRESS ANALYSIS OF CRACK Brittle breaks are the most concerned country for applied scientists as the toffee fractures brings the most risky accidents and happens really rapidly, and normally the failure in brickle stuff are caused because the applied stresses reaches its critical bound value near the locality of cleft tip. K can be used to specify the break stamina as: where Y is a dimensionless parametric quantity and depends on both the constituent type and the geometry followed by the cleft. Normally, cleft which has egg-shaped form the equation is modified and uses three different Y s to include ace geometry: Takin the cleft length into considerations if the thickness of the geometry is really big, the emphasis strength factor for field strain break stamina can be estimated which include the geometry of the specimen and output strength. Thus the thickness of the specimen is the most impotant parametric quantity which controls the passage of break stamina from plane emphasis to shave strain , Stress and supplanting Fieldss near a cleft tip of a additive elastic isotropic stuff are listed individually for all three manners: ModeI, ModeII, ModeIII. The Grecian missive denotes the shear modulus, normally written as G, and it should non be mistaken for the strain release rate, .Formulas for plane emphasis and plane strain are: The rule of superposition is applied for additive elastic stuffs. So the look obtained is: ( 8 ) Case STUDY: Let us take the illustration of a specimen with a V notch holding four point crook burden. Harmonizing to break mechanic theory, the theoretical emphasis strength factor for a four point crook beam ( figure B.1 ) is calculated with the undermentioned equation K= ( 3Pl/tw^2 ) * ( pi*a ) ^.5* ( 1.122-1.121 a+3.740 a^2+3.873 a^3-19.05 a^4+22.55 a^5 ) where, a is the cleft length, W is the breadth of beam, P is the burden applied, cubic decimeter is the distance between the axial rotations, t is the thickness of specimen and W a= a /w The dimensions, material specification and trial constellation of the four point flexing specimen are shown: . Parameters DIMENSIONS ( W ) 11.4 millimeter ( T ) 2.9 millimeter ( s ) 70 millimeter ( cubic decimeter ) 20 millimeter ( vitamin D ) 30 millimeter ( a ) 3.6 millimeter ( P ) 1000 millimeter The different values of K calculated for different values of cleft length is show in the undermentioned tabular array Analytic computation of the Stress Intensity Factor ( K ) : Based on the values the graph has been plotted for emphasis strength factor agains ace length. The graph shows that as the cleft length increases the emphasis strength factor additions. ANALYSIS VIA FEA The burden and restraints are same for all the three readings. merely the mesh relevancy has been changed. Tonss and Constraints The undermentioned tonss and restraints act on specific parts of the portion. Regions were defined by choosing surfaces, cylinders, borders or vertices. Table 3 Load and Constraint Definitions Name Type Magnitude Vector Force 1 Edge Force 500,0 N 0,0 N -500,0 N 0,0 N Force 2 Edge Force 500,0 N 0,0 N -500,0 N 0,0 N Fixed Constraint 1 Edge Fixed Constraint N/A Unconstrained 0,0 millimeter Unconstrained Fixed Constraint 2 Edge Fixed Constraint N/A Unconstrained 0,0 millimeter Unconstrained Table 4 Constraint Chemical reactions Name Force Vector Moment Moment Vector Fixed Constraint 1 500,0 N 0,0 N 500,0 N 0,0 N 1,636e-010 NAÂ ·mm 1,636e-010 NAÂ ·mm 0,0 NAÂ ·mm 0,0 NAÂ ·mm Fixed Constraint 2 500,0 N 0,0 N 500,0 N 0,0 N 2,529e-010 NAÂ ·mm 2,529e-010 NAÂ ·mm 0,0 NAÂ ·mm 0,0 NAÂ ·mm Geometry and Mesh ( 1 ) The Relevance scene listed below controlled the choiceness of the mesh used in this analysis. For mention, a scene of -100 produces a harsh mesh, fast solutions and consequences that may include important uncertainness. A scene of +100 generates a all right mesh, longer solution times and the least uncertainness in consequences. Zero is the default Relevance scene. Table 1 Arpit_0 Statisticss Jumping Box Dimensions 100,0 millimeter 11,4 millimeter 2,9 millimeter Part Mass 2,58e-002 kilogram Part Volume 3287 mmA? Mesh Relevance Setting -3 Nodes 543 Consequences The tabular array below lists all structural consequences generated by the analysis. The undermentioned subdivision provides figures demoing each consequence contoured over the surface of the portion. Safety factor was calculated by utilizing the maximal tantamount emphasis failure theory for malleable stuffs. The emphasis bound was specified by the tensile output strength of the stuff. Table 2 Structural Consequences Name Minimum Maximum Equivalent Stress 0,1422 MPa 267,4 MPa Maximal Principal Stress -3,658 MPa 322,5 MPa Minimal Principal Stress -267,6 MPa 28,94 MPa Distortion 1,283e-003 millimeter 0,105 millimeter Safety Factor 0,935 N/A Geometry and Mesh ( 2 ) Table 5 Arpit_100.ipt Statisticss Jumping Box Dimensions 100,0 millimeter 11,4 millimeter 2,9 millimeter Part Mass 2,58e-002 kilogram Part Volume 3287 mmA? Mesh Relevance Setting 100 Nodes 1115 Consequence Table 5 Structural Consequences Name Minimum Maximum Equivalent Stress 3,423e-002 MPa 292,1 MPa Maximal Principal Stress -9,596 MPa 352,5 MPa Minimal Principal Stress -262,0 MPa 20,94 MPa Distortion 2,115e-003 millimeter 0,1066 millimeter Safety Factor 0,8559 N/A ( 9 ) Decision It can be seen that for the same burden and and all other parametric quantities the maximal emphasis is developed at the cleft tip. But the value of the maximal tantamount emphasis is non the same in the two figures. The emphasiss possess uniqueness near the locality of cleft tip. As a consequence, the emphasis value will depend on FEA mesh size.The finer the mesh, the higher the emphasis. You will neer acquire converged consequences utilizing stress standards This is because FEa tends to average the value at that peculiar point and we get some value. So if we increase the mesh the emphasis value will travel higher. Thus the more refined the mesh is more realistic value we get. As the cleft part is in plastic zone so we get infinity value for emphasis theoretically but we get some definite value via FEA. Thus the specimen is checked by experimentation to see when the cleft is formed and when it reaches the critical value so that any farther usage will ensue in the failure of the constituent ( 10 ) Mentions 1. www.efunda.com 2. Beevers, C, J- Advavces in cleft length measuring 1982 3. Hertzberg, W, Richard- Deformation and Fracture of engg. Metallic elements 4. Chaps, Niel 5. hypertext transfer protocol: //mechanical-engineering.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_stress_intensity_factor # ixzz0XWOXJ4P0 6. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.physicsarchives.com/index.html? /fracturemechanics.htm A ; Titel2 7. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE2094_NoteBook/97ClassProj/anal/kim/intensity.html 8. Behzad, M.. A additive theory for flexing stress-strain analysis of a beam with an border cleft , Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 200811 9. Neimitz, A.. A survey of stable cleft growing utilizing experimental methods, finite elements and fractography , Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 200406/07 10. McCartney, J.. Modelling woven fabric buildings under hydrostatic force per unit area , Finite Elements in Analysis A ; Design, 200605 11. Parmigiani, J.P.. The effects of cohesive strength and stamina on mixed-mode delamination of beam-like geometries , Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 200711 12. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.imechanica.org

Using either Marxist or gender literary theory, write an Essay - 1

Using either Marxist or gender literary theory, write an interpretation of Hairstyles of the Damned - Essay Example This paper will assess how the Marxist theory can be applied to this theory and how it can be used to present the difficulties and events that happened with Brian; the main character. The story is a well written novel which talks about many aspects of Brian’s life. It shows the difficulties and tough decisions that Brian takes while growing up. He is an introspective boy who thinks a lot but isn’t able to express himself. The novel talks about his love, best friend, his history project, and all his other activities that have led him to face problems. The first part of the book greatly talks about the time when Brian enters the Catholic School and is surrounded by a number of people from different backgrounds. The major difference is that Brian is into metal while his best friend, who he also loves named Gretchen, is into punk (Meno 3). However throughout the book he is trying to make his identity and adjust in high school. In the first part of the book there are various characters introduced with their backgrounds and how Brian interacts with them. This can be interpreted with the relevance to Marxist’s theory as it describes the materialistic view of the societal development. He outlined that the societal relations are formed on the basis of materialism and economic activity in which every individual is involved (Meno 5). The first part of this novel reflects how Brian interacts with different children of different backgrounds but most of them belong to families where parents are divorced, on the verge of being divorced, or widowed. Even Brian’s parents are about to get divorced as many hints are given throughout the novel. Moreover, Brian belongs to a working class family because of which he has seen a lot of struggle and difficulties throughout his childhood. Hence, those problems greatly affect the way he interacts with his friends, his introspective nature, and his wrong decisions a s just a student of high school (McKendry 1). The